Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2017 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Background: The horse intestinal tract is sensitive and contains a highly complex microbial population. A shift in\nthe microbial population can lead to various issues such as inflammation and colic. The use of nutraceuticals in the\nequine industry is on the rise and curcumin is thought to possess antimicrobial properties that may help to\nminimize the proliferation of opportunistic bacteria.\nMethods: Four cecally-cannulated horses were utilized to determine the optimal dose of liposomal-curcumin (LIPC)\non reducing Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex (SBEC), Escherichia coli K-12, Escherichia coli general, Clostridium\ndifficile, and Clostridium perfringens in the equine hindgut without adversely affecting cecal characteristics. In the first\nstudy cecal fluid was collected from each horse and composited for an in vitro, 24 h batch culture to examine LIPC\nat four different dosages (15, 20, 25, and 30 g) in a completely randomized design. A subsequent in vivo 4 Ã?â?? 4 Latin\nsquare design study was conducted to evaluate no LIPC (control, CON) or LIPC dosed at 15, 25, and 35 g per day\n(dosages determined from in vitro results) for 9 days on the efficacy of LIPC on selected bacterial strains, pH, and\nvolatile fatty acids. Each period was 14 days with 9 d for acclimation and 5 d withdrawal period.\nResults: In the in vitro study dosage had no effect (P ââ?°Â¥ 0.42) on Clostridium strains, but as the dose increased SBEC\nconcentrations increased (P = 0.001). Concentrations of the E. coli strain varied with dose. In vivo, LIPCââ?¬â?¢s antimicrobial\nproperties, at 15 g, significantly decreased (P = 0.02) SBEC when compared to 25 and 35 g dosages. C. perfringens\ndecreased linearly (P = 0.03) as LIPC dose increased. Butyrate decreased linearly (P = 0.01) as LIPC dose increased.\nConclusion: Further studies should be conducted with a longer dosing period to examine the antimicrobial properties\nof curcumin without adversely affecting cecal characteristics....
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) confers an increased risk of cardiovascular\ndiseases. NAFDL is associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia, inflammation and renin-angiotensin\nsystem (RAS) imbalance, which in turn lead to atherosclerotic lesions. In the present study, the impact\nof a natural dietary supplement (NDS) containing Curcuma longa, silymarin, guggul, chlorogenic\nacid and inulin on NAFLD and atherosclerosis was evaluated, and the mechanism of action was\nexamined. C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFD for 16 weeks; half of the mice were simultaneously\ntreated with a daily oral administration (os) of the NDS. NAFLD and atherogenic lesions in aorta\nand carotid artery (histological analysis), hepatic expression of genes involved in the NAFLD (PCR\narray), hepatic angiotensinogen (AGT) and AT1R mRNA [removed]real-time PCR) and plasma\nangiotensin (ANG)-II levels (ELISA) were evaluated. In the NDS group, steatosis, aortic lesions\nor carotid artery thickening was not observed. PCR array showed upregulation of some genes\ninvolved in lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory activity (Cpt2, Ifng) and downregulation of\nsome genes involved in pro-inflammatory response and in free fatty acid up-take (Fabp5, Socs3).\nHepatic AGT, AT1R mRNA and ANG II plasma levels were significantly lower with respect to the\nuntreated-group. Furthermore, NDS inhibited the dyslipidemia observed in the untreated animals.\nAltogether, these results suggest that NDS prevents NAFLD and atherogenesis by modulating the\nexpression of different genes involved in NAFLD and avoiding RAS imbalance....
This work was carried out to assess nutraceutical values of two prominent wild edible fruit, Hyphaene thebaica\n(L.) Mart. and Borassus aethiopum Mart. from family Arecaceae. Determination of phytochemical, proximate, minerals and\nantioxidant potentials were carried out. The proximate analysis of the moisture, ash content and crude fat reveals (6.74%,\n6.88%, 7.29%, 6.53% and 7.10%, 7.23%) for H. thebaica and B. aethiopum respectively. The B. aethiopum ranked highest in\ncrude fibre (32.15% ), while the highest carbohydrate content was determined in H. thebaica (65.90% ), the protein content of\nboth fruits were observed to be low (8.33�±1.4%) and (3.34% ) for H. thebaica and B. aethiopum, respectively. The mineral\nanalysis revealed that in both samples sodium (Na) was highest 14.06mg/g in B. aethiopum and 14.54mg/g, in H. thebaica,\nCalcium (Ca) 6.20mg/g in B. aethiopum and H. thebaica 5.00�±0.06, Potassium (K), 4.57mg/g in B. aethiopum and H. thebaica\n5.60mg/g, Magnesium (Mg) 2.03mg/g, in B. aethiopum and H. thebaica 1.53mg/g. The antioxidant activity of the aqueous\nextracts were determined and compared with the standard vitamin C, using stable 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and\nascertained by measuring reducing power, the extracts showed promising antioxidant activity at 0.5mg/ml, and the IC50 values\nwere calculated using linear regressions (0.86, 0.98, and 1) for vitamin C, B. aethiopum and H. thebaica, respectively. The\nresults indicated that B. aethiopum and H. thebaica fruits possessed nutraceuticals values very much comparable with the\ncommercial fruits reported earlier such as Magnifera indica, Anarcadium occidentalis, and Psidium guajava just to mention\nbut few....
Background- Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, dyslipidaemia and\ncoronary artery pathology, are a major cause of illness and death in Western countries. Therefore,\nidentifying effective therapeutic approaches and their cellular signalling pathways is a challenging\ngoal for medicine. In this regard, several epidemiological studies demonstrate a relationship between\nthe intake of flavonoid-rich foods and the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors and mortality.\nIn particular, flavonoids present in citrus fruits, such as oranges, bergamots, lemons and grapefruit\n(95% from flavanones), are emerging for their considerable nutraceutical value. Methods- In\nthis review an examination of literature was performed while considering both epidemiological,\nclinical and pre-clinical evidence supporting the beneficial role of the flavanone class. We evaluated\nstudies in which citrus fruit juices or single flavanone administration and cardiovascular risk factors\nwere analysed; to identify these studies, an electronic search was conducted in PUBMED for papers\nfulfilling these criteria and written in English. Results- In addition to epidemiological evidence\nand clinical studies demonstrating that fruits in the Citrus genus significantly reduce the incidence\nof cardiovascular disease risk, pre-clinical investigations highlight cellular and subcellular targets\nthat are responsible for these beneficial effects. There has been special attention on evaluating\nintracellular pathways involved in direct cardiovascular and cardiometabolic effects mediated by\nnaringenin, hesperetin and eriodictyol or their glycosylated derivatives. Conclusions- Although some\nmechanisms of action remain unclear and bioavailability problems remain to be solved, the current\nevidence supports the use of a nutraceutical approach with citrus fruits to prevent and cure several\naspects of cardiovascular disease....
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is induced by multiple environmental factors, and there\nis still no known treatment capable of curing the disease completely. We propose a zeolite-containing\nmixture (HydryeastÃ?®, HY)ââ?¬â?a multi-component nutraceutical of which the main ingredients are\nAzumaceramics (mixture of zeolite and oyster shell burned under high temperature), citric acid, red\nrice yeast (monascus) and calcium stearateââ?¬â?as a nutraceutical intervention in IBD to ameliorate\ndextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. We show the mechanism through integrated omics\nusing transcriptomics and proteomics. C57BL6 mice were given an AIN-93G basal diet or a 0.8%\nHY containing diet and sterilized tap water for 11 days. Colitis was then induced by 1.5% (w/v)\nDSS-containing water for 9 days. HY fed mice showed significantly improved disease activity index\nand colon length compared to DSS mice. Colonic mucosa microarray analysis plus RT-PCR results\nindicate HY supplementation may ameliorate inflammation by inhibiting the intestinal inflammatory\npathway and suppress apoptosis by curbing the expression of genes like tumor protein 53 and\nepidermal growth factor receptor and by upregulating epithelial protection-related proteins such as\nepithelial cell adhesion molecule and tenascin C, thus maintaining mucosal immune homeostasis\nand epithelial integrity, mirroring the proteome analysis results. HY appears to have a suppressive\neffect on colitis....
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